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Interview: Apple’s Gigantic New Data Center Hints at Cloud Computing

System X, an Xserve G5 supercomputing cluster. CC-licensed pic by Christopher Bowns: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cipherswarm/2414578959/in/photostream/

System X, an Xserve G5 supercomputing cluster. CC-licensed pic by Christopher Bowns: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cipherswarm/2414578959/in/photostream/

Google’s Eric Schmidt “resigned” from Apple’s board because Chrome and Android were encroaching on Apple’s core business, or so Steve Jobs says.

But what if the opposite were true? What if Apple is encroaching on Google’s core business?

Later this month, Apple is expected to break ground on a massive new data center in Maiden, North Carolina.

In terms of size, Apple’s data center is as big as they come.

“Apple is planning about 500,000 square feet of data center space in a single building,” says Rich Miller, editor of Data Center Knowledge. “That would place it among the largest data centers in the world… This would qualify as a big-ass data center.”

Question is, what will Apple use it for? Apple’s plans are secret, of course, and some have speculated it’s to support Apple’s growing  MobileMe business and online iTunes stores.

But Miller says the size of the data center hints at something else. Companies building centers this big are getting into cloud computing. Running apps in the cloud requires massive infrastructure: Google-size infrastructure.

“The companies that are building the biggest data centers tend to also have the biggest cloud ambitions,” says Miller.

The full interview with Miller after the jump:

Rich Miller is editor of Data Center Knowledge, an online trade magazine devoted to the data center industry.

CoM: First, any idea why Apple is building this new data center?

Miller: Apple has said very little about the North Carolina facility, beyond the fact that it will serve as the company’s East coast data hub. Apple also has a West coast data center facility in Newark, Calif. Local officials I’ve spoken with say they believe the space is primarily to support Mobile Me and digital content for the iTunes store. The most interesting question is whether Apple needs a much larger facility to support growth in its existing services, or is scaling up capacity for future offerings.

CoM: Could Apple be building it for cloud computing apps — cloud versions of its iLife apps for example?

Miller: One of the leading theories about the size of the NC project is that Apple is planning future cloud computing services that will require lots of data center storage. Cloud computing is a hot trend, and I’d be surprised if Apple isn’t thinking hard – and thinking differently – about cloud computing. Many cloud enthusiasts say that cloud computing will eliminate the need for data centers. In reality, the only thing will change is the owner of the building. All the applications and data that are moving into the cloud will live on servers in brick-and-mortar data centers. The companies that are building the biggest data centers tend to also have the biggest cloud ambitions.

CoM: How big is Apple’s new North Carolina data center — big, small, medium?

Miller: The early site plans indicate Apple is planning about 500,000 square feet of data center space in a single building. That would place it among the largest data centers in the world. For comparison purposes, Apple’s existing data center in Newark, Calif. is a little more than 100,000 square feet. Most new stand-alone enterprise data centers are in the range of 100,000 to 200,000 square feet. So this would qualify as a big-ass data center.

CoM: What’s it comparable to? Do you know of any specific examples?

Miller: In the past several years we’ve seen a handful of new facilities that are redefining the scope of modern data centers. These include Microsoft’s new facility in Chicago, the SuperNAP in Las Vegas and the Phoenix ONE colocation center in Phoenix. All of these facilities house at least 400,000 square feet of space. These data centers are designed to support an enormous volume of data, and reflect the acceleration of the transition to a digital economy. All those digital assets – email, images, video and now virtual machines – drive demand for more and larger data centers.

CoM: Why did Apple chose NC? Are there particularly big pipes in NC? A big powerplant nearby?

Miller: The choice of rural North Carolina suggests that the bottom line for Apple is cost, rather than connectivity. The site in Maiden, NC is not far from a large data center by Google, which usually chases cheap power and tax incentives. Power from Duke Energy is about 4 to 5 cents per kilowatt hour, compared to 7 to 12 cents in California. The company also maximized its incentives by pitting Virginia and North Carolina against one another in trying to wring the best tax incentives out of both states (a popular strategy in data center site location).

Some large companies use distributed data centers to manage their latency and content delivery costs. That may be part of Apple’s thinking, since they’re a major customer for CDNs (I believe they use both Akamai and Limelight Networks). Facebook cited latency to Europe as a key factor in its decision to add data centers in Virginia. Before that, MySpace added a data center in Los Angeles to reduce its reliance on CDNs. But in both cases, those companies sought out Internet hubs where they could connect with dozens of other networks to manage their Internet traffic. You don’t get that in rural North Carolina, so Apple seems more focused on cost and scale than on connectivity – which again would suggest a cloud focus.

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About the author

Leander Kahney

Leander Kahney is the editor of Cult of Mac, and author of three books about technology culture: Inside Steve’s Brain, the New York Times bestseller about Steve Jobs; Cult of Mac; and Cult of iPod. Leander has written for Wired, MacWeek, Scientific American, and The Guardian in London. Follow Leander on Twitter @lkahney and Facebook.

Email the author | Read more posts by Leander Kahney.

69 comments

    What ever happened to the iwork.com? maybe they need that to help host it once it gets out of beta

    [...] we may have to wait a bit longer before we know anything worthwhile on this topic.CultofMac has an interesting interview with Rich Miller on the topic One of the leading theories about the size of the NC project is [...]

    here’s my thought
    for now it is to support mobileme, iwork.com, itunes etc. these need help and spreading the load is a way to do that.

    but they also want to have room to grow so that they aren’t having to build another center within 5 years. that growth might include cloud computing, might not. but such an idea isn’t really feasible unless they have the support in place before they make a go at it. otherwise it could be another fiasco like the mobileme launch

    Will we see a Europe based datacenter from Apple you think? MobileMe is extremely slow in Norway. iDisk is useless for all purposes, would be great if my subscription to MobileMe would give a bit more value than syncing only.

    /Rune

    If Apple does intend to jump into cloud computing (beyond its feeble MobileMe offerings) they’re WAY behind in the game. They’re just STARTING to build a data center to facilitate this? How many years before it is built and functioning? Meanwhile, web-based applications are already abundant (and free).

    While I think the idea of getting into cloud computing is wise, Apple doesn’t exactly have a great track record in this category. .Mac (then MobileMe) and iwork.com? Not exactly a great legacy to build on.

    I wish them the best and hope they do something stellar, but I’m not optimistic that’s going to happen.

    What if the reason for that Data Center is not the cloud? Or only partially the cloud? Perhaps, it has to do with the expanding Mac ecosphere?

    The cloud is more Google’s forte, because it needs to sell advertising and searches. It’s data centers across the country are mirroring the web, placing all information on its servers, so that when internet congestion eventually strikes, it can charge high prices to the ISP’s for locally cached data Thus, the video revolution will become a big money maker for Google, but not yet.

    Apple needs to sell computers and for that, it needs applications which utilize its hardware. History has shown that the computers with the widest application base wins the customers.

    “There’s an App for that!” is Apple’s iPhone slogan, not Microsoft’s “Developers! Developers! Developers!”

    The iPhone App store has done very well. It has over 65 thousand applications and over 1.5 billion downloads after a year of existence. The App store is valued by the developers because they get paid, they don’t have 60 to 80% of their software ripped off. Thus, they can charge a smaller fee which limits the thefts. The App store is a cheaper means of promoting their applications than any other. The iPhone App store is a very efficient market place; what if it is extended to Macintosh applications? The Mac App Store?

    The iPhone Apps are small, so they don’t demand much bandwidth. They could be handled by Apple’s current data centers. But, Mac Applications are large and would need more servers.

    What if Apple opens a one-stop shop for Mac software? What that would do is revitalize the Mac software market. It would shift revenues into Apple’s pocket which are currently going to Amazon and the other on-line venders. There would be a rush into Mac Applications, just as there has been for iPhone Apps.

    Next, the current Cocoa applications will be upgraded easily to 64 bit code, this year. That code will run faster than the 32 bit code, because it utilizes the extra registers in the Intel Core 2 processor chips. Next year, an inordinate number of 64 bit Mac Apps will be sold. This data center is likely to be built too late to gain much of that surge, but will take the strain off Apple’s over burdened servers as the store grows.

    I also find it interesting that Apple is building very close to Google. Google has very fat pipes of dark fiber that it has been buying up for the last four years. There has always been questions of what Google intends to do with those still un-utilized pipes.

    There may be some sharing arrangement between Apple and Google. I do not see Apple and Google as adversaries; each company wants different parts of the computer market and for different motives. Hence, they are natural conspirators in taking down Microsoft.

    Makes a lot of sense.

    Between Google, Apple and Microsoft, I believe that Google will present a far greater threat to Microsoft than to Apple. Cloud computing is the name of the game and it may gain traction amongst the smaller business people who will find the price of entry to a Google solution very appealing. Meanwhile, Microsoft’s cash cow resides in its hard copies software business which incidentally will have to change (most likely with a big price cut) in order to counter the advent of cloud computing.

    Apple is a different beast altogether. It is a software/hardware consumer computer company, more in competition with itself than with any other box makers. It is in full control of its destiny with millions of captive consumers, many of them perpetually looking forward to the next great thing coming out of Cupertino. Just look at the number of articles that are being written on the mystical (or really) iTablet/iPad to issue forth from the bowels of the Apple campus……hopefully soon. The suspense is just unbearable.

    [...] entrevistar uma especialista da área, o Cult of Mac conseguiu levantar algumas opiniões que justificam essa [...]

    Apple was one of the earliest major Cloud users and is growing fast!
    Only they do not use the browser as the primary front end for Cloud services.
    They use apps on the Mac, Windows and the iPhone!
    iTunes, moble.me are all Cloud based!
    DOn’t forget they have WebObjects the most mature and powerful framework for Cloud Services it is light years ahead of MS or Even Google.

    [...] nuevo centro que Apple va a construir en Carolina del Norte es una monstruosidad, incluso cuando se compara con los de Microsoft y [...]

    [...] 500,000 square feet of data center space in a single building,” Miller said in an interview with Cult of Mac’s Leander Kahney. “That would place it among the largest data centers in the world… This would qualify as a [...]

    [...] 500,000 square feet of data center space in a single building,” Miller said in an interview with Cult of Mac’s Leander Kahney. “That would place it among the largest data centers in the world… This would qualify as a [...]

    Hoho. Big-ass data center. Apple should provide free cloud services for all buyers of their mobile devices. I guess Apple’s data center is bigger than Google’s, since that wasn’t mentioned as being at the top in terms of storage.

    Unfortunately, this data center will probably take at least year to be built and that’s a long way off. Apple may be their own best buyer for X-Serves.

    The comment about the iPhone app store/data center usage is an interesting one. There’s rampant speculation about the ‘iTablet’ and while iPhone apps are small, tablet-based apps would likely be much larger, on the order of tens (or hundreds) of megabytes per app.

    [...] Apple’s massive new datacenter hints at cloud computing [Cult of Mac] [...]

    Who the hell else wants to buy an XServe in this area of cheap, virtualized iron? In a darkened datacenter, no one cares about pretty boxes.

    Apple names it’s OS’s after big cats and one of the few big cat names left? Cloud Leopard – THINK ABOUT IT !

    [...] Apple’s massive new datacenter hints at cloud computing [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] Surely such a big-ass data center couldn’t be used merely for expanding support for MobileMe. Miller is thinking this is something bigger. For Miller’s take, check out Kahney’s interview. [...]

    [...] pays to his personal affairs – not new information, but still not flattering). More intriguing is this chat between Leander Kahney and Rich Miller (author of Cult of Mac and Data Center Knowledge respectively) which examines Apple’s [...]

    [...] PDRTJS_settings_83390_post_358 = { "id" : "83390", "unique_id" : "wp-post-358", "title" : "Apple+entra+davvero+nel+cloud+computing%3F", "item_id" : "_post_358", "permalink" : "http%3A%2F%2Fmarcoonacloud.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F08%2F18%2Fapple-entra-davvero-nel-cloud-computing%2F" } “The companies that are building the biggest data centers tend to also have the biggest cloud ambitions.” ViaCultOfMac [...]

    [...] un enorme data center nella Carolina del Nord. La notizia interessante, riportata su “Cult of Mac” è che sembra – secondo un esperto, Rich Miller – che questo centro di calcolo sia così grande, [...]

    [...] doesn’t mean citizens aren’t theorizing, however, including Rich Miller is editor of Data Center Knowledge, who calls the facility [...]

    [...] Como todos os assuntos da Apple, os detalhes do novo datacenter a ser construído na Carolina do Norte, EUA, também estão em segredo. Mas Rich Miller, jornalista veterano da área de tecnologia e editor do website Data Center Knowledge, já tem seu palpite: computação em nuvem. “A Apple está planejando um espaço de cerca de 46 mil metros quadrados para um CPD em um único prédio. Computação em nuvem só tem sentido com um datacenter enorme como esse”, comentou o jornalista em uma entrevista para o Cult of Mac. [...]

    [...] That doesn’t mean people aren’t theorizing, however, including Rich Miller is editor of Data Center Knowledge, who calls the facility [...]

    [...] That doesn’t mean people aren’t theorizing, however, including Rich Miller is editor of Data Center Knowledge, who calls the facility [...]

    Garbanzo, the Mac OS has virtualization in Snow Leopard server; in fact, the entire Mac OS will be sand boxed in virtual spaces. Linux is a good server OS but Windows is an expensive joke. I don’t expect Apple to use either.

    The only alternative to Apple’s blade servers would be mainframes. I expect Apple to eat its own dog food. It will be good advertising, if nothing else.

    If Apple goes with its own hardware in this new data center– which seems the cheapest route, then each server blade has 16 threads it can use. That means 16 requests that each blade can field from the web simultaneously. Each rack of 48 servers can handle 768 contacts from the web. Then we can add in 10 thousand or more racks in a data center of that size, so that means about 7.5 million requests for information simultaneously. I don’t see that on the horizon soon, but it does give Apple room to grow.

    I had wondered if Apple had an arrangement with Google to deliver its content, like it has had with Akamai and Limelight.

    What Google has done is site server farms in every nook and cranny of America where there is sufficient power and data lines. What this means is that Google intends to take advantage of the fact that America will have a data crunch when wholesale downloads of video become common. The Internet will become seriously congested. Google plans to overcome the resulting long delays by siting tractor trailer rigs full of servers to supply mirrored content locally. Google had been buying dark fiber for the last five years, so its cables won’t be overloaded.

    Apple intends to be in the Video download business, big time. The problem has been broadband speeds, which aren’t yet fast enough. Google’s local siting of mirrored content overcomes a problem which has not yet appeared, so this is a very long run strategy.

    Apple and Google have different parts of the market in mind, so I don’t see any conflict with Apple buying space in Google’s local data centers for music, video and application downloads.

    If this is so, Why does Apple need such as huge data center? There are two parts of internet : web server operations and content delivery. The first is reacting to a request from the web. Usually, this load is not hard to field. It just takes a lot of cores talking to the Internet.

    But Downloads are very computer, backbone and disk drive intensive. It makes sense for Apple to off load content delivery onto someone else. At present, Apple has no need for more than Akamai, and recently Limelight, can deliver. But, if huge loads are necessary, then Google may become necessary for Apple.

    [...] Here is mine: According to the note I got in this bag of Cheetos, Apple is building a massive neural network to hold a duplicate of Steve Jobs’ brain, so he can run the company for ever and ever. Just don’t tell it to Jim Goldman. [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] Here is mine: According to the note I got in this bag of Cheetos, Apple is building a massive neural network to hold a duplicate of Steve Jobs’ brain, so he can run the company for ever and ever. Just don’t tell it to Jim Goldman. [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] That doesn’t mean people aren’t theorizing, however, including Rich Miller is editor of Data Center Knowledge, who calls the facility [...]

    [...] Gizmodo; Cult of Mac] Tagged with: Apple, data center, expansion, interview, what do you think? no comments [...]

    [...] Here is mine: According to the note I got in this bag of Cheetos, Apple is building a massive neural network to hold a duplicate of Steve Jobs’ brain, so he can run the company for ever and ever. Just don’t tell it to Jim Goldman. [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] good as anyone else’s, like with everything about Apple. Tell us your ideas in the comments. [Cult of Mac] Tagged:applebusinessdata [...]

    [...] articles popped up on my radar: Steve Jobs: The Man Who Polished Apple and Apple’s Gigantic New Data Center Hints at Cloud Computing While I hesitate to jump on the slippery slope, could this be further indication of a Google-Apple [...]

    [...] Here is mine: According to the note I got in this bag of Cheetos, Apple is building a massive neural network to hold a duplicate of Steve Jobs’ brain, so he can run the company for ever and ever. Just don’t tell it to Jim Goldman. [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] Here is mine: According to the note I got in this bag of Cheetos, Apple is building a massive neural network to hold a duplicate of Steve Jobs’ brain, so he can run the company for ever and ever. Just don’t tell it to Jim Goldman. [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] 500,000 square feet of data center space in a single building,” Miller said in an interview with Cult of Mac’s Leander Kahney. “That would place it among the largest data centers in the world… This would qualify as a [...]

    [...] de séries et de musique en ligne. Mais franchement… Nos confrères américains du site CultOfMac ont interviewé le rédacteur-en-chef de Data Center Knowledge, un magazine en ligne. Selon Rich [...]

    [...] Here is mine: According to the note I got in this bag of Cheetos, Apple is building a massive neural network to hold a duplicate of Steve Jobs’ brain, so he can run the company for ever and ever. Just don’t tell it to Jim Goldman. [Cult of Mac] [...]

    [...] Cult of Mac riporta in un’intervista con Rich Miller di un possibile piano di investimenti da 1 miliardo di dollari da parte di Apple, per l’apertura di una data center nel North Carolina nel 2010, e precisamente nel territorio rurale del Maiden. [...]

    [...] Como todos os assuntos da Apple, os detalhes do novo datacenter a ser construído na Carolina do Norte também estão em segredo. Rich Miller, jornalista veterano da área de tecnologia e editor do website Data Center Knowledge, já tem seu palpite: computação em nuvem. “A Apple está planejando um espaço de cerca de 46 mil metros quadrados para um CPD em um único prédio. Computação em nuvem só tem sentido com um datacenter enorme como esse”, comentou o jornalista em uma entrevista para o Cult of Mac. [...]

    [...] his Cult of the Mac blog, Leander Kahney has a good interview with Rich Miller from Data Center Knowledge about [...]

    [...] his Cult of the Mac blog, Leander Kahney has a good interview with Rich Miller from Data Center Knowledge about [...]

    [...] company on its home turf? Quite possibly: Apple’s new server farm “would qualify as a big-ass data center,” an official backend expert told Cult of Mac. OK then! (Pic) var a_vars = Array(); [...]

    [...] the future of the internet, and only the biggest companies will be able to offer it well. Apple is building a huge data center, maybe to offer MobileMe free or cheaper, and it is no secret of Google’s love for [...]

    [...] Cult of Mac has posted an interview with Rich Miller, editor of the Data Center Knowledge website. The interview covers Apple’s brand new $1 billion data centre which was revealed in June as opening in Maiden, North Carolina around 2010. [...]

    [...] experts are calling it a signal for Apple’s next big initiative, but what does it all really mean for [...]

    Es probable que apunte a una infraestructura como la de RIM

    [...] The second concern would be cost. Apple undoutbedly spends a lot of money now serving music and movies over iTunes, but it’s for the most part a one-time deal, where a user pays and then downloads the content. If you introduce streaming into the mix, costs will go up. But perhaps that is part of the reason behind Apple’s new massive 500,000 sqaure foot datacenter in North Carolina — which will be one of the largest in the world. [...]

    [...] The second concern would be cost. Apple undoutbedly spends a lot of money now serving music and movies over iTunes, but it’s for the most part a one-time deal, where a user pays and then downloads the content. If you introduce streaming into the mix, costs will go up. But perhaps that is part of the reason behind Apple’s new massive 500,000 sqaure foot datacenter in North Carolina — which will be one of the largest in the world. [...]

    [...] Interview: Apple’s Gigantic New Data Center Hints at Cloud … 16 Aug 2009 … Big-ass data center. Apple should provide free cloud services for all buyers of their mobile devices. I guess Apple’s data center is bigger … http://www.cultofmac.com/interview-apples-gigantic…/14680 – Cached – Similar [...]

    [...] Cult of Mac: “Apple is planning about 500,000 square feet of data center space in a single building,” says Rich Miller, editor of Data Center Knowledge. “That would place it among the largest data centers in the world… This would qualify as a big-ass data center.” [...]

    [...] d’acceder a tout moment a vos appareils. (Une maniere de justifié l’investissement de $1 milliards dans un data center en Caroline du [...]

    [...] Shift to the Cloud? I discussed this question in an August interview with Leander Kahney at the Cult of Mac blog. A recap: The most interesting question is whether [...]

    [...] an interview with Cult of Mac, Rich Miller, editor of trade publication Data Center Knowledge, said that site plans indicate that [...]

    [...] It would also include instant on version of currently available for rent movies, leveraging the new large data center for streaming purpose. This portion of the offering would counter much of the discussion about [...]

    It could be a disaster site. Calif will get a big quake sometime. If Apple does end up hosting customers data (itunes online etc, video) anything customers pay to get streamed or held in the cloud then having all the data wiped when the CA centre goes dead would be a catastrophe for Apples image. Google might be in CA also but you can bet if disaster strikes, no data will be lost as Google is replicating everywhere. Also helps with latency with better east coast and Europe traffic to its servers. Msoft built a big centre in Dublin and you can be sure that the source code is held there (with military encryption levels) as well as there customers data they pay to hold for them

    [...] even more under wraps. In the low-key area of Catawba County, North Carolina a 1$ billion dollar data center is finishing completion in the WestStar Mission Critical Data Park. This center will become the [...]

    [...] – Apple 2.0 (Fortune), February 22, 2010 Apple Data Center Maiden NC – YouTube Interview: Apple’s Gigantic New Data Center Hints at Cloud Computing – Cult of Mac, August 16, [...]

    [...] Center que Apple está preparando en Carolina del Norte es uno de los mayores del mundo, según una entrevista publicada este pasado agosto por Cult of Mac con Rich Miller, Editor de Data Center Knowledge, una publicación en línea dedicada al mundo de [...]

    [...] Center que Apple está preparando en Carolina del Norte es uno de los mayores del mundo, según unaentrevista publicada este pasado agosto por Cult of Maccon Rich Miller, Editor de Data Center Knowledge, una publicación en línea dedicada al mundo de [...]

    [...] in der Welt gehören dürfte, kommentiert Apple natürlich nicht. Es wird aber spekuliert, dass das Unternehmen damit groß ins Cloud-Computing einsteigen möchte. Schon nach der [...]

    [...] in der Welt gehören dürfte, kommentiert Apple natürlich nicht. Es wird aber spekuliert, dass das Unternehmen damit groß ins Cloud-Computing einsteigen möchte. Schon nach der [...]

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